The Moral Of Moral Relativism - 1300 Words

The definition of moral relativism is that the moral judgments of true or false is relative based on many factors and there is no universal moral judgment is absolutely right or wrong. In this paper, I want to argue for moral relativism. In my opinion, there is no objective morality that all morality is made of people’s opinion, which influenced by different culture, time, and all the factors around individuals. Different society has different moral codes because of their diverse culture, which influence the judgments of right or wrong in this society. The moral code is among many and there is no objective standard can use to judge it. The two different groups of people live in the different culture that they are accustomed to their habit†¦show more content†¦So, this is the second reason I want to argue for morality is relative. However, some people hold the view that the objective morality actually exists. The definition of objective morality is that some idea about morality is beyond people’s opinion that it is absolutely right as the truth. People who support that the objective morality actually exists always use some simple issues as their evidences. But when we thinking it carefully we can always find some disproof. A behavior can be found in a large number of the works during a specific period illustrates that the behavior is comfort to the value of the society. However, with the developing of the society, people find incest has many disadvantages then people started to forbid this action. Finally it became a subconscious moral judgment that it is wrong to do that. From my perspective, I think the â€Å"objective† moral is every people and society’s judgment reaches a consensus because today’s world really has a close connection from one society to another that every society has more or less influence to other societies or be influenced by other societies. It is not strange to find that some aborigines have their own morality, which is hard for us to accept because their society is separate to the mainstream society and their morality stem from their own culture and history. To conclude, I consider that morality is relative

President Obamas Diplomatic Approach Towards Foreign...

Overwhelmed by numerous armed conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, a formidable domestic economic crisis, and a growing challenge of primacy from China, the United States government and public began prioritizing domestic issues. However, persisting transnational concerns, especially illicit drug trafficking, nuclear weapons proliferation, and the threat of terrorism, largely depend on U.S. involvement based on our relatively successful past efforts and President Barack Obama’s promising diplomatic approach towards foreign policy. Obama’s diplomatic, multilateral outreach towards foreign governments, most recently China and Russia, began to gain significant support from the general public in America as well as abroad. â€Å"When asked to†¦show more content†¦According to the National Research Council, â€Å"further progress in this area depends to a large extent on the results of bilateral U.S.-Russian cooperation† (U.S. National Academies Committee 2004: 13). The Obama administration took assertive steps in securing a disarmament treaty with Russia, an essential part of a grander strategy that targets the entire global community. With Russia as an ally, the U.S. gains more leverage in addressing the developing nuclear program in North Korea, a serious mutual concern for both countries (U.S. National Academies Committee 2004: 14). In regards to numerous issues on which U.S. and Russia hold contrasting points of view, such as the nuclear program in Iran, an effort to gain valuable compromise holds potentially greater benefits than military action or economic sanctions. President Obama seems to be taking deliberate steps towards achieving his long-term goals involving diplomatic effort and multilateral cooperation despite Americans’ growing concerns with domestic issues. Less spectacular, however, are current measures against the growing pressure of terrorism. Former President George W. Bush’s doctrine employed a ve ry aggressive, muscular approach towards preventing terrorist attacks by targeting countries that may harbor terrorist organizations along with the individual terrorists. By choosing to increase military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, ObamaShow MoreRelatedEssay about Iran Engagement Policy Option1643 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus of this paper is an analysis on an Iranian engagement policy option outlined in the CSIS Report â€Å"The Gulf Kaleidoscope: Reflections on the Iranian Challenge†. The international relations theory of liberalism is applied using the tenets of economic interdependence and democratic transparency. For three decades, exchanges between the United States and Iranian diplomats have been tactical, not strategic. There are various policy options that can be utilized effectively and strategically toRead MoreWith The Election Of Donald J. 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The US needs all the allies it can get and it needs to refocus in Latin America. Cuba is no real challenge to American power but Cuba represents a sore spot for American foreign policy. The US must work as one with Cuba in order to

Julie was perfect †Creative Writing Free Essays

Julie was perfect. She was smart, popular and pretty. Her naturally blonde hair was professionally styled at least once a week and her size eight figure was always gloved in designer labels heard of only in magazines, brought for her on Daddy’s credit card. We will write a custom essay sample on Julie was perfect – Creative Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now She was involved within the school teams and clubs, including gymnastics and dance, as well as all of the social clubs and school politics. Jen was far from this. She was what would be referred to as â€Å"bad†. Her dyed black hair that was worn so that half of her face could not be seen and she always wore uniform black. She was the kind of person that rarely made an appearance at school, let alone at anything extra curricular. She spent her entire life drinking, smoking and getting â€Å"high†. Dom would have called himself one of the cool guys but everyone else would have called him a jock. He was captain of the football team and head of his gang. They were all members of the football team and spent their free time taunting or punching one another mindlessly. When he was away from his gang, he spent his time acting too cool for anyone else. Brian was one of the cleaver ones. He was a straight A student who enjoyed extra curricular activities like science and chess club. The only thing that he was not good at was sport. Whatever he tried, he looked gawky and awkward. Everyone saw him as a â€Å"geek† or a â€Å"nerd† and I suppose the fact that he wore trousers that were slightly too short for him and glasses didn’t help. These four people had nothing in common apart from the fact that they had to share a chalet on a skiing holiday organised by the school. There had been a mix up with numbers meaning that none of them could share with their friends. There was no television or radio and no one was to leave their chalet after eight in the evening unless there was an activity. After the first day of skiing, neither Julie, Dom nor Brian wanted to leave their friends. Jen, who had no friends that had come on the holiday, was busy having a smoke out of the window with her Walkman turned up. She didn’t hear Mr Bowdon, their incredibly strict PE teacher come in to the chalet. â€Å"What do you think your doing, Ms. Parker?† Mr. Bowdon shrieked red with fury. Jen turned off her Walkman and spoke. â€Å"What does it look like I’m doing?† She said sarcastically. â€Å"It looks like your trying to get yourself banned from the slopes,† Mr. Bowdon remarked snidely â€Å"What do I care? Skiing is mind-numbingly boring; I only came to pick up some cheap smokes and booze!† Jen laughed, â€Å"Besides, where are the princess, the jock and the geek that I have to share this place with? I bet there with their friends and its after eight! So, instead of wasting your time with no-hopers like me, why don’t you guide them into doing the right thing, isn’t that what you say your job is?† Her words oozed with contempt. Mr. Bowdon looked at her but she stared him out. Eventually he turned and went in search for the others. For the rest of the week, Mr. Bowdon kept an eye on all four of them and caught them out many times. By the second to last evening, he had had enough. He called them all in to his chalet and banned them from spending their last day on the slopes. There was an array of moans and groans but it was clear that Mr. Bowdon’s word was final. They were to be supervised by Mr. Bowdon’s wife who was not a skier and would have to spend the day with only each other for company. Everyone knew that tomorrow would be hard. They were woken at six in the morning for breakfast, which was to be eaten on a solitary table laid just for the four of them. Jen was the only one to speak through breakfast. She spent the whole time complaining about being stuck with a bunch of losers for the whole day. When they had finished breakfast, they were instructed to go back to their chalet and to stay there until they were told otherwise. â€Å"This is so unfair, all I wanted to do was to spend my holiday with my friends, and now I’m stuck in here for the day,† Julie whined â€Å"Oh shut up princess, just because you can’t go running to Daddy!† taunted Jen. â€Å"Leave her alone, arguing’s a waste of time because you can’t walk away, your stuck in here all day whether you like it or not,† Said Brian shyly. â€Å"This is none of your business, Geek†, jeered Jen and, with that, she lit up a cigarette and began to inhale deeply. Just as Jen had thrown the cigarette butt out the window, a hard faced woman came into their chalet without so much as a knock. She informed them that she was Mrs. Bowdon and that she would be surprising them with visits throughout the day and, as swiftly as she entered, she left. â€Å"God, no wonder Mr. Bowdon’s so bitter with that witch as a wife†, sniggered Jen. For the first time, Julie and Jen made eye contact and smiled. â€Å"So, why do you waste so much of your free time in clubs then?† asked Jen. â€Å"Leave her alone,† warned Dom. â€Å"No I’m being serious, why?† â€Å"I don’t know, it’s just what me and my friends have always done. Besides, it’s not so bad† Julie answered unconvincingly. There was an awkward silence. Julie began to study her French manicure and the others started to fidget. After a while, Dom crossed the room to talk to Julie. â€Å"Hey!† Dom said with ease. â€Å"Hi† Julie said, surprised. â€Å"Aww, the Jock and the Princess, what a prefect match† Jen jeered. â€Å"Shut up!† They all said in unison. â€Å"It’s a free country!† She retaliated. â€Å"Why are you always so sarcastic, Jen?† Julie asked, â€Å"I think it’s just a front. I think that you are so scared about letting anyone see your feelings, that you cover them up with jokes and sarcasm.† â€Å"Shut up Julie. Yeah, so I don’t show emotions, so what? Besides you can hardly talk. Everything about you is fake. Your so fake that you probably don’t even know who you are anymore. So maybe I do hide emotions but I’d rather do that then have everyone know my personal business.† Jen shouted and, with that, she went into their room and slammed the door. â€Å"You know, she’s right.† Brian said timidly, â€Å"Every single one of us puts on a front.† â€Å"And what front do you put on then?† Dom mocked â€Å"You know, I’m not as good as you think I am,† Brian said, a little braver than last time. As if on cue, Jen entered the room again. Her gothic make up was freshly applied to red, blotchy eyes and her infamous army boots had been removed, as had a little bit of her front. â€Å"So, what have you done that’s so bad?† Jen asked with a friendly smile on her face for the first time. â€Å"Well, I’ve smoked a cigarette and I got a little bit drunk at my cousions wedding,† Brian said nervously. â€Å"Hey, I know what’ll make the day pass quicker!† Jen said with a glint in her eye. With that, Jen ran to her room to fetch something. The others looked at each other nervously. She returned with a tightly wrapped package. â€Å"Is that drugs?† Brian asked nervously. â€Å"It’s only pot, it’s not gonna kill ya,† Jen said â€Å"Well, ok then,† Brian said reluctantly. â€Å"Are you guys in?† Pushed Jen. Julie and Dom looked at each other. After a few minutes they agreed. They all sat around in a circle and watched Jen expertly roll it. After it was lit, they passed it around. Everyone accept for Jen coughed violently on their first drag, and, after it had been passed around a few times, they were too relaxed to care! They spent hours talking mindlessly and becoming relaxed in each others company until it wore off. When it did wear off, the fronts that they had been putting on for so many years also wore off. How to cite Julie was perfect – Creative Writing, Papers

Globalization Results in the Disappearance of Different Cultures

Question: Describe about the essay Globalization results in the disappearance of different cultures? Answer: Globalization is one of discussed topic these days. People across the nations are becoming indistinguishable in many ways: food habits, standard of living and as a result of this many new cultures are generated. The aim of this essay is to assess the changes in cultures with respect to globalization and discuss about the purpose of this culture changes and to what extent the changes within the society as well as across nations are occurring. Some relevant examples of globalization will be discussed in this essay. (Nagla, B. (2010)). According to Watson (2008) it is quite evident that that McDonalds, a famous fast food chain of restaurants in Hong Kong can be taken up as an example of globalization and transnational culture. People in Hong Kong have adopted to this kind of food which more like American style breakfast of eggs, muffins, pancakes and hash brown potatoes but the people of Hong Kong do not consume it as whole me. This is because they find the food served by the McDonalds more like snacks. McDonalds has also changed citizen of Hong Kong views and opinion in some areas, for example people who serve in McDonalds greet and serve their customers with a smile which is something that usually people dont receive this on shopping from any other outlet. In 1977, McDonalds took an initiative towards cleanliness and was successful in that. The toilets in the McDonalds outlet were cleaner than the washrooms of any other houses in the vicinity. We can interpret this type of behavior as the borrowed habits probably from the Western Culture. (Ammsa.com, (2015)) With the advent of McDonalds the lifestyle and food habits changed and his do not evolve conflict with the old tradition but if native tradition comes in conflict with the some kind of innovation- many people will tend to take the side of the primordial tradition. According to me, Watson has indicated areas where traditional customs have been influenced by McDonalds, he is of the opinion that they are not co mpletely overtaken and this may exert some pressure back on global forces as represented by McDonalds. (Watson, J.L. (2008)) According to Berry, some connections between globalization and acculturation exist (Mathur, A. (2012)). Acculturation evolved when contact among different cultures was recognized (Berry, p332). Globalization will lead to assimilation (which means that the strong dominance of one culture causes the loss of another culture, marginalization (which means non dominant culture gets destroyed and the members of this non dominant culture do not have any culture nexus to lead their life ahead), revitalization (when own culture was dominated but the returns) and separation (when the influences of the dominant culture is refuse by the non dominant culture by detaching from them). Berry used few examples to support this definition regarding globalization. First of all , we can establish two examples of strong influence on the culture which are Soviet Union and US Canada. Canada is greatly influenced by America culture. The impact of globalization on the US and Canada gave rise to the difference s that became greater between them which can be identified as some kind of separation and divergence. It was mentioned that the indigenous people in Canada still preserved their traditional culture but it is also believed that they are influenced by some dominate culture. With respect to Soviet Union, we can pose an example regarding culture loss, which is depicted by the fact how Estonia is influenced by Soviet Union. During this time Estonia was dominated in many sectors, for example, Estonian people developed a tendency to speak in Russian language and the economic strategy for both the nations was the same. But after the disappearance of Soviet Union, Estonia recovered and established their native culture. This can be posed as an example of revitalization. (Berry, J. W (2008)) Culture hybridization has connection with globalization (Ritzer, 2010).Hybridization implies new combinations of cultures which are known as heterogeneous mixture or heterogeneity. Creolization occurs when few cultures concoct and a new culture is created out of that. Glocalization can be defined as a mix of global and local cultures together. Both Creolization and Glocalization (Shamsuddoha, M. (n.d.)) are the parts of hybridization. It is required to denote that they together they result in no loss of the respective culture for one hundred percent. Hybridization can be best explained if a Russian person, living in UK dines at a Chinese restaurant. (Ritzer, G (2010)) According to Kalantzis, globalization of cars, brands and other products brought some advantages to the nations involved in such. à Ã‚ n obvious benefitthat arises out of globalization is that there is a wide range of products which are available for choices for people. Another further positive aspect of this trend is that people can enjoy wide variety of things around the world and they can use the same things like IPhone. à Ã‚ sarà Ã‚ µsult. There is à Ã‚ ° high possibility for all the people in the world to follow each other and share and explore each others cultures. à Ã… ¾n the other hand, dà Ã‚ µspite the above improvements, the trend of globalization also has certain cons. Globalization caused diversification of products across nations but it definitely could not suffice to the culture differentialism (Bhawuk, D. (2008)) which is because people may have the tendency to use the same range of products but it should not be ignored that each individual has different set of tastes and preferences which the aspect of globalization did not include or consider. à Ã‚ s a result of globalization, people loose their traditions, forget their national identities, they overspend, lead unhealthy lifestyle, preferring McDonalds American style food and finally become similar to each other instead of sustaining diversity In conclusion, this is clear that the advantages of globalization in terms of cultural difference are outweighed by the disadvantages. (Wang, Y. (2007)). Thus, the impact of globalization on the culture disappearance cannot be simply answered as it has both aspect of cultural change and enhancement. When on one hand, globalization causes cultural imperialism, differentiation and transnationalism, on the other it enhances culture identity by pluralization, glocalization and institutionalization. (Sociology.emory.edu, 2015)It is difficult to exactly say which impact is touching the reality. But one can say that globalization may not totally causes a structural change in the cultures, what it can do is change, transform or alter certain aspects of culture to enhance its identity. (Nederveen Pieterse, 2004) Reference Berry, J. W (2008) Globalization and acculturation. International journal of intercultural relations, 32, pp. 328-336 Kalantzis, M. Cope, B. (2006). On globalization and diversity. Computers and Composition, 23 (4) , pp 402-411 (IMPROPER CITAION) Ritzer, G (2010). Globalization: a basic Text. Malden: Blackwell (IMPOPER CITATION) Watson, J.L. (2008). McDonalds in Hong Kong. In Lechner, F. J. Boli, J. (eds) The Globalization Reader: Third Edition. Malden: Blackwell, pp. 126-134 Nederveen Pieterse, J. (2004).Globalization and culture. Lanham, Md.: Rowman Littlefield. Shamsuddoha, M. (n.d.). Globalization to Glocalization: A Conceptual Analysis.SSRN Journal. Sociology.emory.edu, (2015).The Globalization Website - Issues. [online] Available at: https://sociology.emory.edu/faculty/globalization/issues05.html [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Wang, Y. (2007). Globalization Enhances Cultural Identity. [online] Available at: https://www.uri.edu/iaics/content/2007v16n1/09%20Yi%20Wang.pdf. Nagla, B. (2010). Globalization and its Impact on Culture.Ques. - Jrnl. of UGC-ASC Nain., 4(1), p.1. Ammsa.com, (2015).Globalization blamed for cultural losses | Windspeaker - AMMSA: Indigenous news, issues and culture.. [online] Available at: https://www.ammsa.com/publications/alberta-sweetgrass/globalization-blamed-cultural-losses [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Bhawuk, D. (2008). Globalization and indigenous cultures: Homogenization or differentiation?.International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), pp.305-317. Mathur, A. (2012). Consumer Acculturation in the Age of Globalization: A Study of First-Generation Indian Immigrants in the United States.Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 24(5), pp.372-384.

The Speech of Polly Baker Response free essay sample

Franklin using the voice of a woman strengthens his argument and enhances the story. Poly Baker Introduces herself as a, poor unhappy Woman (6). Automatically, readers form sympathy for Baker. Franklin paints her as a tired and hard working woman, who Is a provider for her children. Baker explains how she has cared for her children well, despite of not having a husbands help. She could have had raised her children better if it had not been for the heavy Charges and Fines she have paid (6). Because Baker has experienced the harsh punishments women had to endure for avian a bastard child, readers form an emotional bond toward her although she is a fictional character. If Franklin was to just have written a piece from his point of view on this subject it wouldnt of had as much influence. Baker describes how the consequences of having an illegitimate child have caused abortions and mothers have, their own trembling Hands in the Blood of their helpless Offspring (7). We will write a custom essay sample on The Speech of Polly Baker Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is a different pain for a mother to experience the death of their child.Baker speaking on this empathetic how harsh the punishments are that a other rather have their child to die. Franklin using Baker to express his thoughts was a smart way of connecting to readers emotions. In The Speech of Poly Baker, Benjamin Franklin creates Poly Baker, a character that everyone can respect. Franklin expressing himself through Baker makes the story more interesting and empowering. Baker having five illegitimate children and raised them without any help is tiring Baker was punished for birthing them, but she should have been honored because being a mother is a tough Job.

Sim Venture Business Planning and Developement Essay Example

Sim Venture Business Planning and Developement Essay Example Sim Venture Business Planning and Developement Essay Sim Venture Business Planning and Developement Essay In hypothetical terms, the firm was bound to go into losses in the first few months of establishment. The objective we had prioritised was to establish the company quickly with minimal losses, which then could be easily recovered over a short time period. We firstly did the essential market research. This would give us a market audit, allowing us to precisely plan both short-term and long-term strategies, ensuring that we don’t have any confusion and see exactly what our goal is. Along with the research, we decided to build a premium website. This was our first step into advertising, organising and brought up a channel of communication between stakeholders and us. Our next step was competition research. This should us what we were up against and how to establish our own USP, accordingly, we set our product specifications and price as well as an introductory promotional discount to attract customers if they enquired. We then did negotiations with distributors to establish channels of distribution. The reason for this is that a company needs revenue, but more importantly, profit to survive, which can only be established with sales. By the third month, we had successfully established a channel of distribution, which was in our budget and produced good profits. We mistakenly forgot about the 30-day credit. We had consumed a majority of our capital, leaving us in money being owed to the bank. We therefore decided to apply for an overdraft to allow us a margin for error. Also as a reassurance as well as necessity, we needed to raise capital, so we borrowed surplus from friends and family. Customers continued not to pay money owed to us, leading in Microvault going in to debts of thousands of pounds. This was not acceptable so we set up credit control to regain money owed to us. We had to take drastic measures to ensure the company’s survival. We were left with no choice but to take out a ? 10,000 loan from the bank to sustain our losses and maintain a working capital for production as we had contracted new distributors as well. This meant production line quantity increased as well as surplus to maintain production and overheads. Eventually, the debtors paid up and business was stable. Enquires were slowly increasing as well as individual orders. We then decided to hold expansion for a while and focus on saving profits. This was to ensure that once research had been done and we did decide to expand, we would have the capital to sustain it. Meanwhile, we published a trade magazine advert. This was the first real promotion we had done. It helped the company’s reputation and status quite a bit. Enquires increased and sales were at an all time high. Eventually, we completed the formal setup of MicroVault Ltd. This reduced the risk of liquidisation and redundancy as well as improved the company status and reputation. We then created an employment contract and made the individual full-time. Lastly, we relocated to a business park, as the demand was higher than the storage capacity. This saved us hours of labour put in, resulting in more time to focus on other things such as recruitment. Activity 2 MICROVAULT LTD COMPANY. Report to: Bank Manager Date: 4th February 2009-03-04 Report for: Bank Loan Title: Obtaining a loan for MICROVAUL LTD COMPANY to help finance expansion. Executive Summary This is an end-of-year trading report of MICROVAULT LTD COMPANY. I am writing this report to show the success of the company so far, and explain its performance. The main point of this report is to obtain a loan from the bank to help finance expansion. Introduction We are a small limited company called MICROVAULT. MICROVAULT was established in 2009. We specialise in producing Computers. Our company is in a market for 14 months and we are looking forward to make it much more successful with some financial support form the bank. So far our company have a high reputation with its stakeholders and local community, we are looking forward to be better and stronger against our competitors. By looking at our report you will see that MICROVAULT is extremely credit-worthy and have low debts. Main body In a past year our business came thru very hard time. At the beginning our company was reaching some losses in the first few months of establishment. By that time we knew that if we don’t come up with some good ideas our business will go bankrupt. In March 2009 our profit and loss account achieved minus 445 pounds. Our goal was to establish MICROVAULT as quickly as possible with minimal losses. We did a lot of market research, we build a premium website to communicate with stakeholders and other companies. We also came up with some discount for a short period. Step by step our company profit was going up and as we sign contract with distributors, we got orders for reasonable price. When the company was in a good ‘shape’ we forgot about 30-day credit. We have spent most of our capital therefore we owned bank quite a lot of money. Leaving us no choice we decide to apply for an overdraft, and also borrow money from friends and family. After a month our company came back on race and starts to make very big profit. Our Enquires increased and sales were at all time high. At the end of a year our profit and loss account look very promising as it reached 10615 pounds, and sales turnover reached 35404 pounds. At the end of the year where our company made some profits we did our very first promotion by publishing a trade magazine advert. It helped MICROVAULT reputation. One of the most important things we have done is we created an employment contact, and improves the company rank and reputation. By making it happened we signed more contracts with large distributors and orders from customers has gone up. MICROVAULT is only a half way to be a successful limited company. We already make profits and grow our reputation. Our current profit margin is 33% and we will try to increase it by 10-15%, which make it go up to about 40-45%. Every month we are getting new orders and enquire therefore we need to focus on recruiting new employees. Our company will buy products in large quantities, which will gave us a bulk discount, and we will be able to save money. Recruiting new workers might be a quite expensive investment as it takes time, and money to recruit and train new workers. We will need a bookkeeper to keep us up to date with our losses and profits and also if we owe someone money. Our company will put more effort on competition research, product specifications and price. In the future we will try to offer more discounts, and reasonable prices. We might think of better advertisement such as calling customers or by mailing them. Conclusion In conclusion, I believe MICOVAULT is at the right position to become a successful business. Our Company need more time and money to research and recruit new workers, which leads to extra costs. We already completed the ormal set up for MICROVAULT and we are ready for new opportunities. The company has many prospects for the future such as expansion of the business in many areas. Recommendations The reason why I am asking for a loan is that MICROVALT Company might not be able to afford recruitment process which is expensive and time consuming. As I mentioned above we need new workers in order to success. Without recrui ting new employees MICROVAULT wont be able to meet customers demand, orders wont be on time therefore people will stop using our services which might leads to closing down the Company. We will allocated loan money in advertising such as magazines, websites, news papers, weekly mails in order to increase the customer information about our company. We hope this report will provide you with a clearer view of MICROVAUL. Activity 3 In this report I am going to discuss the trade-offs my team come across in developing our small business called MICROVAULT. A trade- off is when we loose one quality or feature of something in return for gaining another quality or aspect. The SimVenture task took my team a little bit of time as we re-run the business few times. It was three of us me (Ngan Nguyen), Raxit and Nitesh. All three of us had some good, and bad ideas, which not always make our Company making profits, and orders from customers. At a very beginning when we start our business we ware making losses, and we decide to recover them over a short-term period. We had to do a market research, which gave us clear market review. By doing that we had time to plan short-term and long-term strategies and prepare our goals. As a group we decide to put more efforts on profit rather than growth. Our goal was to make as much profit as possible within 12 moths. We had successfully established a channel of distribution, this gave us a good profit. Our company income starts to go up after May 2009 we had gone up to 3160 pounds. Our business paid private consultant to find information’s about our competitors in the market in order to produce better products. In my opinion in order to succeed in a real small business you have to dedicate you time, your money, and yourself. You need set up a goals of the company, what you want to achieve, and be committed to the business, know how to recruit workers for right jobs and positions. Pay attention to every progress your business is making from finance, orders, advertising to researches, complaints, and enquires. To run the business successfully you should know how to purchase the products and services, and also how to negotiate with your suppliers. You should be able to manage your finances. In other words experience is the key to success, we need to learn how to run the business and where to start it. In the SimVenture you can try at start all over again until you get some profits but in real life when you start you company, there is no coming back. Ether you will succeed or you will go bankrupt. Another key to success is to have a fresh idea for a product and determination, the willingness and energy to make it succeed

Blend Wing Body

The structure design of bended wing body aircraft for commercial airline transport By Yue Sung (Lance) Fung 10/17/2012 Introduction Today many new design aircraft concept use blended wing body theory, one of the biggest challenge of this aircraft is to design a strong and pressurized structure for safe commercial Airline transport. According to V. Mukhopadhyay the structure of Blended-Wing -Body (BWB) flight vehicle has been a one of the major challenging problem for many year. By comparing the fuselage of a conventional aircraft which is a cylinder shape, the stress level of a flatter shoebox shape type BWB fuselage has a higher magnitude ,because the internal pressure causes blending stress of the whole fuselage instead of the stress act on the skin membrane. Due to the primary design of the conventional fuselage structure are focus on membrane stress, a new design and material are needed ,in order to increase the bending moment of inertia without increase the weight requirement while the aircraft is pressurized . Although a whole flowing Blended Wing Body fuselage provide structure weaker and no as pressurize as conventional aircaft, but new designs of the blended wing body aircraft structure can provide satisfying stress, deflection and buckling safety factors, pressurized body during the critical flight and ground loads. There are three articles discussed in this literature review. According to R. H. Liebeck, the BWB structure is separated into two major components: the centerbody and the outer wings. The Y braced box type fuselage design structure concepts was based on a thick stringer outer surface structure, where the stringers are about 5–6 in. deep in order. Then using internal ribs have Y braces where they meet the skin, to reduce the bending moment on the skin created by the internal pressure across the center body and the outer wing. As a result ,the complete center body pressure vessel is  omposed of the upper and lower surface panels, the rounded leading edge the rear main spar, the outer ribs and the internal ribs payload and does not carry wing bending loads therefore the load can equally balanced however the cabin inside of the aircraft is hard to keep pressurized for commercial flight. At the same time , V. Mukhopadhyay has been stated that using the alternative multi bubble structure configuration instead create a whole body structure on a BWB aircraft. The multiple bubbies body can easily apply to the BWB aircraft internal structure, where the center distance between each segment was kept as same as the radius, therefore the outer side and the inner cabin wall junction are facing 120 degree each other, as a result a equal angel geometry given an advantage structure when the membrane stress equilibrium force acting between the cabin wall and the outer shell by balanced by inter cabin wall tensioning, which can keep the inter cabin more pressurized. Comparison to V. Mukhopadhyay , L. U. Hansen, stated that the loading of the structure leads to high bending loads in every part of the cabin can be reduced by structural elements carrying the vertical force components in result the reduce the blending force in the cabin which keep the fuselage pressurized . The solution is to use a strong structural components panel in the membrane which connecting both upper and lower side of the fuselage ,and there are four fuselage surface composite panel configurations were analyzed and optimized for minimum weight, under required internal pressure and estimated compressive loads with both stress and buckling constraints. Although the skin/stringer outer surface structure can apply to the whole structure of the BWB with really strong component against the blend stress , the fuselage surface composite panel also will be a good consideration for strengthen the structure of the outer body of BWB aircraft since it can enlarge the skin stress of the aircraft the keep it more pressurize. Yet the multiple bubbies cylinder configuration can be most effective when it applied to the center body of BWB because of the circulate configuration will reduce the membrane stress and easier to keep the fuselage pressurized than skin/stringer configuration. Discussion R. H. Liebeck method can applied to can applied to the blended wing body aircraft while the Y braces box structure is really sturdy over the upper and lower surface panels, the rounded leading edge the rear main spar, the outer ribs and the internal ribs payload. The design does included carry wing bending loads therefore the load can equally balanced . However the design cabin pressure load is experienced on every fight and fatigue becomes the design conditions. Since the structure is no in a circle it cause the cabin pressure loads are taken in bending, the margin required for aluminum could be forbidden , therefore and advance carbine composite. Other studies said that if the structure are not built by composite material the structure of the BWB will be heavier than the conventional aircraft which in result having less advantage of building BWB aircraft as predicted . Although the Y braces with skin and stringer structure from R. H. Liebeck article will required higher weight without advance composite, L.U. Hansen, stated that the BWB body aircraft outer shell structure can be connect with different type of the . The strong structural components panel can be bonded and connect each other , the different size of the panel and represented the different airfoil surface of the BWB aircraft. When compared to the stringer and the membrane , components panel on every can provide better connecting both upper and lower side of the fuselage also it blend moment can be reduced by structural elements carrying the vertical force. The challege of the design is to hold the panels connection during higher G loading and abnormal maneuver ,and the each panel have to the make it as less tolerance as possible to reduce the induce drag and the turbulence drag from the gap from each panel. To improve the first two solution, the alternative solution state by V. Mukhopadhyay is to use the multiple bubbies fuselage ,during the experiment the multiples cylinder body can remodel the advantage of the pressurized cylinder body of the conventional aircraft. The experimental result shown the design loaded of the cylinder fuselage his the same pressure stress and loading when using the two bubbies and three bubbies structure. When the number bubbies structure increase the pressure loading decreased while the blend moment increase. Although compare to the first two method the blending moment may if the bubbies number increase to three of four , however the design show that the pressurized load of the multiple bubbies construction can provide more pressure load than the skin / string structure and the component panel structure. From the test result of V. Mukhopadhyay article Von-Mises stress of the top surface of the aircraft combined the top and bottom internal cabin pressure. These stresses were well within allowable limits and about 25% lower than the four-bubble design with about 10% increase in unit weight/floor area. Therefore multi-bubble fuselage appear to be significantly better compared to the component panel design and Y brace skin / string structure. As future evidence, NASA build a unmanned BWB aircraft to optimize the structure design due reality flight situation, their structure design was using the multiple bubbles Structure and component panel adding on top and the bottom to prevent the blend moment. The multi-bubble type fuselage which has better stress distribution, for same material and dimension, can be the most effective , further design will be more focus on the combination of the component panel with multiple bubbies fuselage with can reduce the blending force and buckle force while keeping the pressure loading which required for commercial flight.